Haemoglobin Electrophoresis is a method of determining the type and size of haemoglobin molecules in a persons blood, by observing the rates of transit of these negatively-charged proteins in an electric field medium. It is used to diagnose so-called haemoglobinopathies, conditions with an unusual combination of Haemoglobin types which usually result in mild anaemia.

How the Test is Performed

Haemoglobin Electrophoresis is a blood test, and requires a few millilitres of blood from a vein.
The test itself uses a method of determining the type and size of haemoglobin molecules in the blood, by observing the rates of transit of these negatively-charged proteins in an electric field medium.

Medical Conditions and Symptoms

Haemoglobin Electrophoresis is usually performed in the setting of a microcytic anaemia – a low blood count where the red blood cells are also small. Possible causes of a microcytic anaemia include iron deficiency and Thalassaemia (or thalassaemia trait) – a condition in which the globin chains of the haemoglobin molecule are defective.
Anaemia causes tiredness, pale skin, and shortness of breath on exertion.

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Test Results Explained

Haemoglobin Electrophoresis results quantify the proportions of different variants of haemoglobin found in an individual’s blood cells. The normal adult haemoglobin is Haemoglobin A (HbA), but normal people also have a small amount of Fetal Haemoglobin (HbF). Electrophoresis can also detect abnormal haemoglobins such as Haemoglobin S (HbS) – which is responsible for the condition Sickle Cell Disease.

Related Specialists

Related Procedures

  • Blood Test (venesection)

Related Tests

Also Known As

  • Hb Electrophoresis
  • Thalassaemia screen

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This article is for informational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. If in doubt, HealthEngine recommends consulting with a registered health practitioner.

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